Should you put references on a resume?
For most applications, do not put references or “references available upon request” on the resume. Use the space for evidence and prepare a separate reference list when an employer asks for one.
The short answer
- Leave references off the resume unless the application explicitly requests them there.
- Prepare a separate reference page using consistent contact formatting.
- Ask each person’s permission and confirm their current title, email, and phone number.
- Never publish private contact details in a public resume or portfolio.
1. Keep scarce resume space focused on your candidacy
Recruiters generally expect references later in the process. Listing them on the resume uses space that can show achievements, skills, or relevant projects and exposes another person’s contact information before it is needed.
The phrase “references available upon request” also adds little because employers already know they can ask. Include it only if a local convention or application instruction specifically calls for it.
2. Follow explicit instructions and local requirements
Some academic, public-sector, education, healthcare, fellowship, and international applications request referees at the initial stage. In that case, provide the requested number, relationship, and contact details exactly where instructed.
If the vacancy asks for references in a separate form or portal, do not duplicate them on the resume unless required.
3. Create a separate professional reference list
Choose relevant people
Prefer recent managers, clients, project leads, academic supervisors, or colleagues who observed the work directly.
Ask permission
Explain the target role and confirm that the person is comfortable being contacted.
Verify details
Confirm name, current title, organization, professional email, phone, and your working relationship.
Prepare context
Share the job description and current resume so the referee can recall relevant work accurately.
4. Format references clearly and protect privacy
Use the same name and contact style as your resume header, followed by each reference’s name, title, organization, relationship, email, and phone if requested. Keep the list concise and export it as a separate PDF.
Do not invent a reference, list someone without consent, or include sensitive personal details. If an employer requests manager references before you have notified your current employer, explain the situation and ask whether another professional reference is acceptable.
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Build my resumeFrequently asked questions
Should I write references available upon request?
Usually no. Employers already know they can request references, so the line rarely earns its space.
How many references should I provide?
Follow the employer’s instructions. Two or three professional references is common when no specific number is given.
Can I use a coworker as a reference?
Yes, when the coworker directly observed relevant work and can speak credibly about your contribution. A manager, client, lead, or supervisor may carry more context when available.